The word trema ( French: tréma), used in linguistics and also classical scholarship, is from the Greek trē̂ma ( τρῆμα) and means a "perforation", "orifice", or "pip" (as on dice), thus describing the form of the diacritic rather than its function. The word diaeresis is from Greek diaíresis ( διαίρεσις), meaning "division", "separation", or "distinction". Languages such as Dutch, Afrikaans, Catalan, French, Galician, and Spanish make regular use of the diaeresis. In English language texts it is perhaps most familiar in the loan words naïve, Noël and Chloë, and is also used officially in the name of the island Teän and of Coös County. Nevertheless, it is still used by the US magazine The New Yorker. In British English this usage has been considered obsolete for many years, and in US English, although it persisted for longer, it is now considered archaic as well. For example, in the spelling "coöperate", the diaeresis reminds the reader that the word has four syllables co-op-er-ate, not three, *coop-er-ate. The diaeresis diacritic indicates that two adjoining letters that would normally form a digraph and be pronounced as one sound, are instead to be read as separate vowels in two syllables. It consists of two dots ¨ placed over a letter, generally a vowel when that letter is an ⟨i⟩, the diacritic replaces the tittle: ⟨ï⟩. The diaeresis ( / d aɪ ˈ ɛr ə s ɪ s, - ˈ ɪər-/ dy- ERR-ə-sis, - EER-) is a diacritical mark used to indicate the separation of two distinct vowels in adjacent syllables when an instance of diaeresis (or hiatus) occurs, so as to distinguish from a digraph or diphthong.
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